1.英文中常见的拉丁语单词和短语有哪些
Per se: (就其本身而言)The direct translation of this term is "by itself" and it means just that when used in English as well. You could use it to say that you don't find chemistry boring per se (by itself, intrinsically), but this professor's voice puts you to sleep. 例如:就化学本身而言我并不讨厌它,可是教授上课的声音总是让我想打瞌睡。
Vice versa: (反之亦然) From the Latin meaning "to change" or "turn around," this term means to reverse the order of something . This quote from Samuel Butler provides an example, "In the midst of vice we are in virtue, and vice versa."Alma mater: (母校 尤指大学)If you don't know this term already, you'll become quite familiar with it once you graduate from college. The literal translation is "dear/bountiful mother" but you'll find it used in everyday language to denote the college or university from which one has graduated.Magnum opus(大师之作/绝好的艺术作品): Whether it's in writing, painting, sculpture or music, this Latin term denotes the greatest work done by an artist-- a true masterpiece.Bona fide(在法律术语中指良好的意图/一般表示真诚的和善意的): While it's literal translation means "good faith" this term has a few different shades of meaning in modern language. In legal terms, it is used to represent something that is presented without deception or fraud, or literally in good faith, honest, sincere and lawful. It is more commonly used to mean something that's the real deal or truly authentic.Quasi(类似的,有如): In Latin, this word means as if or as though and in English it is used as both an adjective in its own right and as a part of a compound word. It simply designates something that resembles something else but doesn't quite have all the same features.Alter ego(密友,或者个性的另一面): Cicero coined this term, most likely taken from the Greek, to mean "a second self" or "another I" and its modern meaning hasn't changed much today. Many people have an alter ego, or another, perhaps hidden aspect of themselves. One example from popular culture is Beyonce's alter ego, Sasha Fierce.Verbatim(逐字逐句的/地): If you repeat something verbatim you repeat it in exactly the same words, word for word with no changes and no improvisation.Status quo(现状): From the Latin meaning "the state in which" this term is used today to designate the existing state or condition of things. For example, if you're making money off of a high pollution industry it is to your interests to maintain the status quo when it comes to environmental law.Sic(这个是指原作品中出现了错误,编辑在此指出): Found in writing, this Latin word most commonly finds a home in brackets (like this: [sic]) when quoting a statement or writing. It indicates that there is a spelling or grammar error (or just something out of the ordinary) in the original quotation and that the publication has only reproduced it faithfully, not made an error of their own.Id est(缩写是i.e.,通常在作者想要给出具体的例子和解释的时候): You've likely seen this term in writing before, even if you weren't aware as it is commonly abbreviated to i.e. In Latin, it means "that is" and is used in English when the speaker or writer wants to give an example or explanation that specifies a statement.Deus ex machina(解围的人或事件): In direct translation, this term means, "God out of a machine" and it harkens back ancient Greek and Roman plays. When the plot would become too tangled or confusing, the writers would simply bring in God, lowered in via a pulley system (the machine) and he would wrap it all up. Today, it's still used in literature to describe a plot where an artificial or improbable means of resolving a conflict is used.Exempli gratia(缩写是e.g.,这通常会用在例子前面,for the sake of example): You'll often see this term abbreviated to e.g. in writing. It means "for the sake of example" and when it see it in a sentence you can expect that is will be followed by some examples.Et cetera(缩写是etc. 意思是and the others还有其他的): Few out there aren't familiar with this term but may not know it as well when it's spelled out like this and not abbreviated as etc. Meaning "and the others" it is used to denote that a list of things could continue ad infinitum (see below for definition) and that for the sake of brevity it's better to just wrap things up with a simple etc.Ex libris(专指书籍 从。图书馆来): Back in the days when books were rarer and more expensive commodities than they were today, it was common to mark your books with a label bearing your own name and this phrase which means "from t。
2.英文中常见的拉丁语单词和短语有哪些
这个实在是太多啦, 先写下了一点,至于意大利语发音我并不会,sorry
单词:英语 - 拉丁语
descend - descendere
rose - rosa
intellegent - intelle
affect - affiicere
habitat - habitare
ignor - ignorare
recipe - recipere
danmage - damnare
credit - credere
defence - defendere
occur - occurrere
custom - custos
delete - delere
dentis - dens, dentis
destini - destinare
dignity - dignitas
divide - dividere
add - addere
edition - editus
doinor - donare
veto - vetare
exit - exire
audio - audire
cruel - crudelis
fortune - fortuna
clear - clare
bonus - bonus
aquarium - aquarium
error - 拉丁语被我忘了
adulescent - adulescens
estimate - aestimare
aggressive - aggressus
animal - animal
art - ars
短语:
cv - cirriculum vitae
seis the day - carpe diem
Don't take anything for granted - nihil pro certo
conceptually - in abstracto
the name is unknown - nomen nesci
i came i saw i won - veni vidi vici
long live the king - vivat rex
3.关于一个拉丁语句子的翻译
你这个问题问的很有水平,拉丁语鉴于一些格经常是重复的,如 puella的主格复数、与格单数、属格单数都是Puellae,因此有的时候确实是会产生歧义句的,很普遍的情况。
但就这句话而言,原答案是唯一正确的理解。
先请看Puella puellae 的变格表(左边为单数,右边为复数)
主:puella puellae
宾:puellam puellas
属:puellae puellarum
与:puellae puellis
夺:puella puellis
因为,multus-a-um 是一个形容词,意思是“很多”,所以一定用来形容一个以上的事物,如果把puellae理解为属格,请注意,它就是“单数的属格”, Puellae pecuniam 就是指“(一个)女孩的钱”,而multae 无论在意思上还是结构上都不能形容“一个”女孩,对吧?
如果multae 是形容“钱”呢,即(一个)女孩的很多钱,那么就应该是 multam pecuniam puellae,但显然不是本句要表达的意思。
就是这样了,
拉丁语是严格按照词尾来定义内容的,所以要多钻牛角尖,像背英语“托福”单词本那样“混个眼熟”是不行的,必须严格记忆这个词的所有变化和在句中可能出现的常见形式。
以上供参考。
4.谁能告诉我常用英文中的常用拉丁语英文很多资料文献中会不时出现
1. vs. versus, turn against, usually denotes two opposing teams or persons对,对抗(常指对立的双方或个人)2. p.a. per annum, through each year, referring to an item such as a tax or a benefit which occurs each year 每年,整一年(指每年的税收或收益)3. mega culpa, my fault, my blame, said to express that one takes the blame for a misstate 我的过错(表达对自己的错失或感到羞愧)4. p.s. post scriptum, after the writing, added on a letter after the formal closing 附言,又及(信件正式结尾后附加的字句)5. vice versa, turns against, the other side which turns, usually denotes the other side of a question or idea 反之亦然(常指某一问题或观点的另一面)1. A.D. anno domini, the year of the Lord, traditionally, dating from the beginning of the Christian Era 公元(习惯上自耶稣降生之年起计)2. a.m. ante meridiem, before the middle, a time indicator meaning before the midday hour of 12:00 noon. 午前,上午(中午12点之前的时间)3. bon voyage, good trip, a parting expressing said to a traveler 一帆风顺,一路平安(对旅行者道别所言)4. cf. confer, compare or bring together, used to indicate to the reader other information, found elsewhere in a reference work, which will add further knowledge on a certain subject 参看,试比较(用于指示读者参考在书中别处出现的其他资料,以增加某一学科的知识)5. e.g. exempli gratia, for the sake of an example, 例如,举例,作为例子1. vs. versus, turn against, usually denotes two opposing teams or persons对,对抗(常指对立的双方或个人)2. p.a. per annum, through each year, referring to an item such as a tax or a benefit which occurs each year 每年,整一年(指每年的税收或收益)3. mega culpa, my fault, my blame, said to express that one takes the blame for a misstate 我的过错(表达对自己的错失或感到羞愧)4. p.s. post scriptum, after the writing, added on a letter after the formal closing 附言,又及(信件正式结尾后附加的字句)。
5.英语中表示举例的常用短语
for example,such as和like都可用来举例,但用法有所不同。
for example作“例如”讲时,一般只以同类事物或人中的“一个”为例,作插入语,用逗号隔开,可置于句首、句中或句末。
For example,air is invisible. 例如,空气是看不见的。
He,for example,is a good student. 例如,他就是个好学生。
such as也作为“例如”讲,用来列举同类人或事物中的几个例子。
Some of the European languages come from Latin,such as French,Italian and Spanish.
有些欧洲语言来源于拉丁语,例如,法语、意大利语和西班牙语。
Boys such as John and James are very friendly.像约翰和詹姆斯这样的男孩都很友好。
like也常用来表示举例,可与such as互换。但such as用于举例可以分开使用,此时不可与like互换。
Some warm-blooded animals,like/such as the cat,the dog or the wolf,do not need to hibernate. 一些温血动物,像猫、狗和狼都不需要冬眠。
He has several such reference books as dictionaries and handbooks.
他有几本像字典、手册之类的参考书。
注 意 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
使用such as来举例子,只能举出其中的一部分,一般不能全部举出。若全部举出,要改用namely(意为“即”)。
He knows four languages,namely Chinese,English,Russian and French.
他精通四门语言,即汉语、英语、俄语和法语。
自我测试 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
根据句意,用for example,such as或like填空。
1.Noise, ,is a kind of pollution.
2.I like drinks tea and soda.
3. ,my full name is James Allen Green. Green is my family name.
4.You can buy fruit here—oranges and bananas, .
5.There are several people interested, Mr Jones and Mr Simpson.
答 案:1.for example 2.like/such as 3.For example 4.for example 5.like
6.关于一个拉丁语句子的翻译
你这个问题问的很有水平,拉丁语鉴于一些格经常是重复的,如 puella的主格复数、与格单数、属格单数都是Puellae,因此有的时候确实是会产生歧义句的,很普遍的情况。
但就这句话而言,原答案是唯一正确的理解。先请看Puella puellae 的变格表(左边为单数,右边为复数)主:puella puellae宾:puellam puellas属:puellae puellarum与:puellae puellis夺:puella puellis因为,multus-a-um 是一个形容词,意思是“很多”,所以一定用来形容一个以上的事物,如果把puellae理解为属格,请注意,它就是“单数的属格”, Puellae pecuniam 就是指“(一个)女孩的钱”,而multae 无论在意思上还是结构上都不能形容“一个”女孩,对吧?如果multae 是形容“钱”呢,即(一个)女孩的很多钱,那么就应该是 multam pecuniam puellae,但显然不是本句要表达的意思。
就是这样了,拉丁语是严格按照词尾来定义内容的,所以要多钻牛角尖,像背英语“托福”单词本那样“混个眼熟”是不行的,必须严格记忆这个词的所有变化和在句中可能出现的常见形式。以上供参考。
7.【英语所有表示举例的单词或词组如(forexample,suchas,like,namely,
1、for example副词短语,用作插入语,列举代表同类事物性质或一般规律的典型例子,也可以用拉丁语缩略形式e.g.(exempli gratia)取代. Many factors are important,for example class,gender,age and ethnicity.许多因素都很重要,如阶级、性别、年龄及民族. 2、for instance 副词短语,用作插入语,说明、支持或反证一般事实或理论的事例. There are jobs more dangerous than truck driving; for instance,training lions.有的工作比驾驶卡车更危险,例如驯狮. 3、such as 复合介词,用来列举所包容的事物 Everyday objects such as cups and saucers should be assorted.应该配齐诸如杯碟之类的日用品. 4、like 介词,用来列举性质相同的事物 saved things like old newspapers and pieces of string.收集起来的如旧报纸和绳子之类的东西 5、as 连词,连接省略的句子列举分类事物 Some animals,as dogs and cats (eat meat),eat meat.有些动物是食肉的,如狗,猫等. 6. namely (可以用来自拉丁语的缩略语viz.[videlicet] 代替,读做namely),that is,that is to say,in other words 是一组同义词,可以相互取代,意思是“换言之/也就是说/即”,用来进行具体的说明. The railroad connects two cities,namely/that is,New York and Chicago.这条铁路联接两个城市,即纽约和芝加哥.I'll see you in a week,that is to say/in other words,next Monday.下周我们见面,也就是说下星期一吧.。
8.意大利语常用短语
1. 您好!Buongiorno!
2.晚上好!Buona sera!
3.晚安!Buona notte!
4.再见Ciao!
5.有一阵子没有见到您了!E' un po che non La vedo!
6.您好吗?Come stai?
7.很好,谢谢!Bene,grazie!
8.不错,您呢?Non c'e' male,e lei?
9.不好.Male.
10.马马乎乎.Cosi cosi.
11.希望一切进展顺利 .Spero che tutto vada bene
12.祝贺你 .Complimenti
13.祝你好运.Buona fortuna
14.祝你生日快乐.Buona Compleanno
15.祝你节日快乐 .Le auguro buona feste
16.祝你成功 .Le auguro buona successo
17.圣诞快乐.Buon Natale
18.新年好 .Felice Anno Nuovo
19.非常感谢您.La ringruzio molto
20.请代我向。问好.Mi saluti il sigor 。
意大利语(英Italian 意Italiano):
属于印欧语系罗曼语族西罗曼语支(同属于西罗曼语支的还有法语、西班牙语、葡萄牙语、加泰罗尼亚语和加利西亚语等),是意大利共和国的官方语言。
意大利语是世界上最美的语言之一。意大利语听起来十分优美动听,人们夸赞意大利语像和风一样清晰,词汇如盛开的鲜花。意大利语被誉为最艺术的语言也是世界上最富有音乐感的语言。
作为伟大的文艺复兴文化的媒介,意大利语曾对西欧其它语言起过深刻的影响。29个其它国家居民使用意大利语,其中5个国家立它为官方语言。正规意大利语是托斯卡纳的方言,发音在于意大利南半部方言之间。正规意语近来稍微加进了一些经济中心米兰的口音。在音乐作曲领域中,亦使用了为数不少的意大利文字词,但是在音乐中,意大利语一般为了流畅,将最后的一个字母或多个省去。它还广泛通行于美国、加拿大、阿根廷和巴西。意大利语和拉丁语一样,有长辅音。其他的拉丁语族的语言,如西班牙语和法语,已经没有长辅音了。
意大利语的书写充满了艺术气息和华丽的感觉。米开朗基罗、达芬奇、波提切利等众多伟大艺术家皆出自意大利。意大利的佛罗伦萨城即文艺复兴的发源地。而首都罗马更是历史悠久,享誉世界。
使用地区:
意大利语除了通行于意大利之外,还是瑞士四种官方语言之一,它还广泛通行于美国、加拿大、阿根廷和巴西。意大利语还同英语一样,是海盗肆虐的非洲国家索马里的通用语言。世界上说意大利语的人数总共约七千万人。
主要特点:
由于意大利语作为较早成熟的拉丁语方言,在语法上,它保持了拉丁语的大部分特点。著名作家朱自清在散文《威尼斯》中称赞意大利语是世界上发音最纯粹的语言,究其原因,就得归结到它的发音习惯和语法特点了。
第一,短元音丰富而简单。说它丰富,是因为几乎每个辅音都配着元音,不存在单独的元音音素。说它简单,是因为没有像英语那样的元音组合。一个元音对应一个发音。而且绝大多数的单词都是以元音结尾,难怪有人猜测意大利语的诞生来自歌剧发音的需要。
第二,除了哑音h,没有不发音的词素。少数辅音有组合,但比较简单。不知道一个词的意思,按照汉语拼音的读法就大致上把这个词念出来。动词的词尾变换往往可以明确的指示人称,因此在一个句子中,经常是看不到主语的。
9.十二个月的英语名言
[英语中十二个月份名称的来历 ]
公历一年有12个月,但不少人并不知道12 个月的英语名称的来历。公历起源于古罗马历法。罗马的英语原来只有10个月,古罗马皇帝决定增加两个月放在年尾,后来朱里斯*撒大帝把这两个月移到年初,成为1月.2月,原来的1月.2月便成了3月.4月,依次类推。这就是今天世界沿用的公历。
January——1月
在罗马传说中,有一位名叫雅努斯的守护神,生有先后两副脸,一副回顾过去,一副要眺望未来。人们认为选择他的名字作为除旧迎新的第一个月月名,很有意义。英语 January,便是由这位守护神的拉丁文名字January演变而来的。
February——2月
每年2月初,罗马人民都要杀牲饮酒,欢庆菲勃卢姆节。这一天,人们常用一种牛、草制成的名叫Februa的鞭子,抽打不育的妇女,以求怀孕生子。这一天,人们还要忏悔自己过去一年的罪过,洗刷自己的灵魂,求得神明的饶恕,使自己成为一个贞洁的人。英语2月February,便是由拉丁文Februar-ius(即菲勃卢姆节)演变而来。
March-----3月
3月,原是罗马旧历法的1 月,新年的开始。凯撒大帝改革历法后,原来的1月变成3月,但罗马人仍然把3月看做是一年的开始。另外,按照传统习惯,3月是每年出征远战的季节。为了纪念战神玛尔斯,人们便把这位战神的拉丁名字作为3月的月名。英语3月March,便是由这位战神的名字演变而来的。
April——4月
罗马的4月,正是大地回春.鲜花初绽的美好季节。英文4月April便由拉丁文April(即开花的日子)演变而来。
May——5月
罗马神话中的女神玛雅,专门司管春天和生命。为了纪念这位女神,罗马人便用她的名字——拉丁文Maius命名5月,英文5月May便由这位女神的名字演变而来。
June——6月
罗马神话中的裘诺,是众神之王,又是司管生育和保护妇女的神。古罗马对她十分崇敬,便把6月奉献给她,以她的名字——拉丁文Junius来命名6月。英语6月June便由这位女神的名字演变而来。也有学者认为,Junius可能是个代拉丁家族中一个显赫贵族的姓氏。
July——7月
罗马统治者朱里斯*凯撒大帝被刺死后,著名的罗马将军马克*按东尼建议将凯撒大帝诞生的7月,用凯撒的名字——拉丁文Julius(即朱里斯)命名之。这一建议得到了元老院的通过。英语7月July由此演变而来。
August——8月
朱里斯*凯撒死后,由他的甥孙屋大维续任罗马皇帝。为了和凯撒齐名,他也想用自己的名字来命名一个月份。他的生日在9月,但他选定8月。因为他登基后,罗马元老院在8月授予他Augustus(奥古斯都)的尊号。于是,他决定用这个尊号来命名8月。原来8月比7月少一天,为了和凯撒平起平坐,他又决定从2月中抽出一天加在8月上。从此,2月便少了一天。英语8月August便由这位皇帝的拉丁语尊号演变而来。
September——9月
老历法的7月,正是凯撒大帝改革历法后的9月,拉丁文Septem是“7”月的意思。虽然历法改革了,但人们仍袭用旧名称来称呼9月。英语9月September,便由此演变而来。
October——10月
英语10月,来自拉丁文Octo,即“8”的意思。它和上面讲的9月一样,历法改了,称呼仍然沿用未变。
November——11月
罗马皇帝奥古斯都和凯撒都有了自己名字命名的月份,罗马市民和元老院要求当时的罗马皇帝梯比里乌斯用其名命名11月。但梯比里乌斯没有同意,他明智地对大家说,如果罗马每个皇帝都用自己的名字来命名月份,那么出现了第13个皇帝怎么办?于是,11月仍然保留着旧称Novem,即拉丁文“9”的意思。英语11月November便由此演变而来。
December——12月
罗马皇帝琉西乌斯要把一年中最后一个月用他情妇的Amagonius的名字来命名,但遭但元老院的反对。于是,12月仍然沿用旧名Decem,即拉丁文“10”的意思。英语12月December,便由此演变而来.
10.关于英语缩写在句子中的问题
你很认真,你问到的这几种情况都不用再加句号了。
如果是陈述句,那么在句子末尾就就不需要再加一个句号。
这样的常用拉丁语词汇有:a.m. / p.m. / e.g. / etc. / et al. / viz. / vs.
例句:
1、Every pupil is supposed to be in his classroom at 9 a.m.
上午9点时每个学生都应当在教室里。
2、This work is done by Tom et al.
这项工作由汤姆等人完成。
如果后面跟的是逗号或问号,最后一个点就不能省去。
1、This was her first trip to the U.S. (最后一个点是双重身份,缩写和句号)
2、Is this your first trip to the U.S.?
3、On her first trip to the U.S., Kristina lost her passport.
另外关于缩略词加不加点的通用规则:
1、如果缩后最后一个字母不是单词的最后一个字母,一般要加点:
Co. (Company)
etc. (et cetera)
M.P. (Member of Parliament)
2、如果缩后最后一个字母是单词的最后一个字母,一般不加点:
Ltd (Limited)
Dr (Doctor)
St (Saint)
另外现在的趋势是许多缩写之后并不需要加点,例如USA(美国)、PhD(哲学博士) 、AIDS(爱滋病)、IQ(智商)或企业组织名称如IBM(国际商业机器公司)、CIA(中央情报局)。但因目前一般写作上并未严格要求,还是可以见到大写字母加句号的情况。
如果有其它问题,可以继续联系我。