1.英语造句规则
英语造句的基本规则 英语句子是由一组词按一定的语法规则组成并能够表达一个完整意思的语言单位.其含义有三:1、一组词;2、符合语法规则;3、表达完整意思.英语句子形状第一个字母大写,句末有标点符号(句号、问号或感叹号).所谓语法规则实际就是把合适的词放在句子中合适位置.学习英语的最好办法就是多分析一些经典的句子,在此基础之上多读文章.英语句子无论长短,其最基本的结构却不会变.一个完事的英语句子至少要有“主语+谓语”两部分组成.主语是句子的主体,表示所谈及的人或事物,主语通常由名词或起名词作用的词、短语或句子充当.谓语由动词、动词短语组成.句子的核心:主语(名词或相当的词、短语、句子)+谓语(动词或动词短语)在以后的分析中,我们把名词及名词相当的词标成绿色,而把它们的修饰部分标成紫色.把动词标成红色,动词修饰部分标成桔黄色.友情提示:学习初期,不要太拘泥于语法概念,只要你能够通过一些已经分析好的句子了解它要表达的意思就行了.等你以后能够很轻松地读懂英语文章后,回头看这些语法概念就太简单了.找出一个句子的名词及名词的修饰部分、动词和动词的修饰部分,你就能很轻松理解它.。
2.英语中哪些短语采用就近原则 哪些不采用
名词或代词作主语时和谓语之间的单复数的一致问题: 1、1)主语和谓语基本保持单复数的一致,即:主语是可数名词单数或不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数形式:The computer was a great invention.(计算机是个了不起的发明)The water in the glass is very cold.(玻璃杯力的水很冷) 2)集体名词(如family, class, team, group, row, police, school等)做句子主语时, ①如果表示整体概念,则谓语用单数形式,如:Class Three is a very good class.(三班是个好班) ②如果表示其中的所有成员时,则谓语用复数形式,如:Class Three have a map of China. (三班有张中国地图) 3)Chinese,Japanese,fish,sheep,people等表示单个时谓语用单数,表示许多时,谓语用复数。
如:There is a sheep in the yard.(院子里有只绵羊)/ There are some sheep in the yard.(院子里有一些绵羊) 4)maths,news等虽然有s结尾,但不是复数,因此谓语仍用单数:The news is very exciting. (这个消息令人兴奋) 5)glasses,shoes,socks,trousers,gloves等名词往往用复数形式,故谓语用复数。如:The trousers are very cheap and I want to take them.(裤子很便宜,我想买) 6)a lot of 后跟名词复数时谓语用复数形式,跟不可数名词时谓语用单数形式。
如:A lot of students are playing baseball now.(现在有许多学生在打垒球)A lot of time was wasted on that work.(大量的时间花在了那个工作上)(被动句) 7)and 连接两个名词做主语时,谓语原则上用复数,但是两个名词若构成一个整体事物时,谓语则用单数。如:The teacher and his son are picking apples now.(老师和他的儿子在摘苹果) Fish and chips is very famous food. (鱼和薯条是一种出名的食品) 8) there be 句型中be的单复数一般由靠近的名词决定。
如:There is a table and four chairs in the room.(房间里有一张桌子和四张椅子) 9)用both…and…连接两个事物做主语时,谓语一般用复数。如:Both you and I are required to be here tomorrow.(你和我明天要求都来) 10)主语中含有with的短语时,谓语单复数由with之前的人物决定。
如:A woman with a 7-year-old child was standing at the side of the road. (一名妇女带着一个七岁的孩子(当时)就站在路边) 11)either…or…或者 neither…nor…连接两个人物做句子主语时,谓语采用就近原则。如:Either you or he is right.(要么是你对,要么是他对。
/你和他有一个人是对的) / Neither you nor I am going there.(你和我都不打算去那里) 12)表示一段时间或长度概念的复数名词做主语时,谓语一般用单数。如:Two months is not a short time.(两个月不是个短时间)Two thousand kilometers is quite a long distance(距离).(两千千米是相当长的一段距离) 13)主语中含有half of… / (three quarters)of… / all (of) the ….等词语时,谓语的单复数由名词确定,如:Over three quarters of the information on the Internet is in English.(因特网上四分之三以上的信息是用英语写的) / A third of the students were playing near the lake.(学生的三分之一(当时)正在湖边玩耍) / All of the water in these rivers has been polluted.(这些河流中的水已经被污染了)(被动句) 但是,population一词又有特殊情况: What's the population of China?(中国人口是多少?)(句子用单数) / Three quarters of the population in this city are Arabs(阿拉伯人).(这个城市四分之三的人口是阿拉伯人)(句子用复数) 就近一致原则 是指谓语动词的数要与它紧邻的名词或代词的数保持一致。
1. “more than one + 单数名词” 虽有复数意义,但习惯上用单数动词. More than one person is involved in this. 2. 用于正式文体的“many a + 单数名词” 也用单数动词. Many a famous pop singer has been ruined by drugs. 3.由or,either。or,neither。
nor,not only。but also。
,not。but。
等连接的并列主语,谓语动词的形式要根据与谓语最近的主语来确定。如: Are you or he good at swimming? Either you or your brother has to go there right now. Neither she nor I am a teacher. Not only I but also he wants to go swimming in the river. 4.There be句式中若有几个并列成分充当主语时,谓语动词的形式由第一个并列成分决定。
如: There is an apple and some oranges on the table. There are some oranges and an apple on the table. Ⅲ.“数词”、“数量、单位”等词语作主语时:(参见“数词”部分。) 1. 表示“运算”的数词通常作单数 。
e.g. Ten times four makes(make) forty .+ 乘以四得四十。 2.表“时间、距离、金额、度量衡”等的词语,作“整体”看时作单数用,侧重指“若干单位”时作复数用。
e.g. ①Twenty years is not a long time . 二十年光阴,弹指一挥间。 ②Twenty years have passed since he left . 他离开已二十个年头了。
3.“分数、百分数”通常依其“具体所指”来决定单、复数。e.g. ①About 40 percent / two-fifths of the books here are (is) worth reading . 这些书中百分之四十/五分之二值得读。
②Only sixty percent / three-fifths of the work 。
3.英语,就近原则的四个短语
1. There be 句型
There is a book and some pencils on the desk.
=There are some pencils and a book on the desk.
2.neither。nor。
Neither you nor he is right.
= Neither he nor you are right.
3.either。or。
Either they or Jim is going to Shanghai next Saturday.
= Either Jim or they are going to shanghai next Saturday.
4.not only。but also。
Not only Ann but also her parents stay at home every Sunday.
= Not only Ann's parents but also she stays at home every Sunday.
4.英语中的就近原则适用于什么词组
当两个主语由either or, neither nor, not only but also ,whether or 连接时,谓语动词和邻近的主语保持一致,即就近一致.例如:Either the teacher or the students are our friends. Neither he nor they are wholly right.Neither they nor he is wholly right. Is neither he nor they wholly right?there be 句型中be 动词的单复数取决于其后的主语.如果其后是由and 连接的两个主语,则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致,即就近一致.例如:There are two chairs and a desk in the room.There is a desk and two chairs in the room.。
5.关于英语在初中英语里那些短语是用的就进原则,那些不是用的是就近
一。
需要使用就近原则举例 1.be动词的使用 用就近原则 2.neither。nor。
短语中谓语动词的使用也是就近原则 3.not only。but also not。
.but谓语的选用与最后主语一致 4.there be+句型使用就近原则。 5.either …or短语 二。
不需要使用举例 1。.and。
.前后都是可数名词 谓语用复数形式 2.A with B and C谓语动词根据A而定。 就近还是不就近 歧视考察的是 英语语法中的谓语一致原则 平时多多注意 一点 其实很简单。