1.英语的介词加名词表示状态的词组
在新概念第三册第14课有这么一句话:Whenever the Italian city-states were at war with each other, Hawkwood used to hire his soldiers to princes who were willing to pay the high price he demanded. 这里面有个非常好的仿写句型,就是用in+名词代替了进行时。
如:i am having a class now.(我正在上课。)但"正在进行"这一动作,还可以用"be+介词短语"来表示。
常见的介词短语类型有: be +at引导的介词短语;be +in引导的介词短语;be +on引导的介词短语; be +under引导的介词短语等。 ⅰ.be+at引导的介词短语 be at war(正在交战): the two countries are at war now.两国正在交战。
(相当于:the two countries are waging a war now.) be at work(正在工作):jim is at work on his car now.吉姆正在修自己的车。 (相当于:jim is repairing his car now.) be at peace(处于和平或平静状态): thus europe was at peace for the first time in ten years. 于是欧洲在十年以后第一次进入和平状态。
be at table(正在吃饭):when i arrived my friends were already at table. 当我到达时,我的朋友们正在吃饭。 常见的这类结构还有:be at meeting正在开会;be at school正在上学;be at breakfast(lunch /supper)正在吃早(午/晚)饭;be at church正在做礼拜,等等。
ⅱ.be+in引导的介词短语 be in progress(正在进展): the building of the bridge is in progress. 这座桥梁正在施工中。(相当于:the bridge is being built now.) be in trade(正在做买卖): some people of this country are in gold and ivory trade. 这个国家的有些人正在做黄金和象牙买卖。
be in fashion(流行): long hair is very much in fashion now.如今,留长发正时兴。 be in trouble(处于困境/困难之中):i am in great trouble.my little boy has fallen off a ladder and hurt himself.我遇上点麻烦,我的小儿子从梯子上掉下来,并且摔伤了。
常见的这类结构还有:be in danger处在危险中;be in operation正在运行; be in action在活动(运转/战斗)中;be in peril在危险之中;be in class正在上课;be in hospital正在住院;be in office在执政;be in tears正在流泪;be in milk正在产奶;be in issue正在争论之中;be in church正在做礼拜;等等。 ⅲ.be+on引导的介词短语 be on strike(正在罢工):the electricity workers have been on strike for several weeks now.电力工人到目前已经罢工好几个星期了。
(即现在仍在罢工) be on leave(正在休假):several soldiers are on leave in our village.几位军人正在我们村子里休假。 be on the rise(正在上涨):prices of vegetables are on the rise.蔬菜价格正在上涨。
常见的这类结构还有:be on a visit正在访问;be on the stumps处在困难之中;be on sale正在出售(美语作:削价出售),等等。 ⅳ.be +under引导的介词短语 be under consideration(正在考虑之中):the plan is under consideration by the ministry of education.教育部正在考虑这项计划。
be +under construction(正在修建中):the new railway is still under construction.新铁路仍在修筑之中。 be +under discussion(正在讨论之中):that issue has no relation to the matter under discussion.那个问题和正在讨论的事没有关系。
常见的这类结构还有:be under treatment正在治疗中;be under repair正在修理中,等等。 值得英语学习者注意的是 ⑴尽管be+介词短语能表示"正在进行"这一意义,但它和be+现在分词所表示的语法意义是有差别的。
前者着重事物所处的状态,偏重于静态;后者着重事物的动态,集中表示事物的动感。 ⑵绝大部分这类结构,其名词前都没有冠词,假如加一冠词,意义将大相径庭。
如:The Conservative Party is in office.保守党在执政。The principal is now in the office.校长现在在办公室。
英语学习者对上述差别决不可掉以轻心。
2.怎样辨别英语句子中是表示动作还是状态呢
Are u eating your breakfast?中不是有动词吗?
有啊.就是eating,只是它与are一起构成了进行时态,意思是:你在吃早饭吗?( 这就表明着一个动作)
Have you finished your homework?你做完了你的作业吗?( 这就表明着一个状态--完成式可表明一个状态)
凡说话时能推导出有具体动作的内容,那就是一种动作,而说话时并没有出现动作的语句,就有可能是表状态的.如:将来时,完成时,